Large-amplitude theta oscillations (4–10 Hz) dominate the hippocampal-entorhinal system during spatial navigation and memory processing.
Alpha oscillations (8–12 Hz) are most prominent above the occipital cortical area when the eyes are closed. They do indicate not a logical order of frequencies but roughly the order of their discoveries. Traditionally, the frequency bands are denoted by Greek letters. Most oscillations are short-lived (less than a second), while others can be sustained for longer periods. Different brain structures and brain states have different preferred subsets of oscillations. There are at least 10 discrete brain rhythms, covering more than four orders of magnitude in frequency, from approximately 0.02 to 600 hertz (Hz). The first neuronal population pattern that emerges during development is also a rhythm, known as delta brush. The first brain pattern observed by recording electrical activity from the scalp ( electroencephalogram, EEG) was an oscillation (alpha rhythm), detected by German psychiatrist Hans Berger in the 1920s. The German-born British psychologist Hans Eysenck.
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